The feed-in tariff system is designed as an incentive for energy producers to move away from conventional fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. Essentially, it is government legislation which guarantees a fixed, premium rate for renewable electricity fed into the national grid. The power companies are obliged by the government legislation to buy the renewable electricity, the additional costs of which are passed onto the customers.
The Tariff
The UK government is committed to reducing its carbon emissions through the adoption of renewable energy sources, particularly in regards to the generation of power in order to combat climate change. The Energy Act of November 2008 set out a series of provisions in order to help the government meet its targets. The need for a feed in tariff comes from the fact that it is far more expensive to produce energy from green sources than it is from fossil fuels. This of course renders the retail price of fossil fuel electricity cheaper than that from renewable producers. In order to attract renewable investors, it is therefore necessary to incentivise those wishing to invest in the installation of renewable plant.
Feed-in tariff legislation fixes an above market rate for utility companies to buy electricity from renewable energy producers. It could therefore mean for example that if the retail price of fossil fuel electricity were 15p per kWh, then the rate for renewable electricity could be up to 60p per kWh. In this case, the 45p difference per kWh would be spread across every customer of the relevant utility company. It is this fixed tariff paid by the utilities which makes renewable energy an attractive prospect for investors as it guarantees them a return over a long period and has been highly successful at attracting investment where it has been implemented across Europe. Germany for example now produces over 14 per cent of its energy from renewable sources, something which has been attributed to the generous and comprehensive feed-in tariff system implemented by the German government.
Once a system is installed and connected the feed-in-tariff level is set for a fixed period of time. This makes it attractive to purchase a solar system as soon as possible to ensure the highest possible level of subsidy. The rate is also linked to inflation creating one of the best investment opportunities currently available.
The feed-in-tariff is manipulated by the government to follow price changes in the cost of solar installation. To find details of the current feed-in-tariff levels in the UK please check the FIT rate table.